Morphological and physiological traits in the success of the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata.pdf
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Morphological and physiological traits in the success of the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata
DEDICATED TO WOLFDIETER SCHENK ON OCCASION OF HIS 65TH BIRTHDAY
Morphological and physiological traits in the success
of the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata
Brady W. Allred ? Samuel D. Fuhlendorf ?
Thomas A. Monaco ? Rodney E. Will
Received: 12 September 2008 / Accepted: 30 April 2009 / Published online: 17 May 2009
Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009
Abstract To better understand the strategies and
mechanisms of invading plants in tallgrass prairie,
physiological and morphological characteristics of
the invasive Lespedeza cuneata were compared to the
dominant and abundant natives Ambrosia psilostac-
hya and Andropogon gerardii. Gas exchange, chlo-
rophyll fluorescence, plant water status, and total and
specific leaf area were quantified in the field for each
species both throughout daily sampling periods and
across the growing season. Total and specific leaf
area (cm2 g-1 of leaves) exceeded that of native
species and may allow L. cuneata to successfully
establish and dominate in tallgrass prairie, aiding in
both resource acquisition and competitive exclusion.
Gas exchange traits (e.g. net photosynthesis, stomatal
conductance, and water use efficiency) of L. cuneata
did not exceed other species, but remained constant
throughout the daily sampling periods. The daily
consistency of net photosynthesis and other gas
exchange traits for L. cuneata reveal characteristics
of stress tolerance. The combination of these charac-
teristics and strategies may assist in the invasion of
L. cuneata and also provide insight into general
mechanisms responsible for successful invasions into
tallgrass prairie.
Keywords Competition Tolerance
Sericea lespedeza Leaf area Photosynthesis
Invasion Tallgrass prairie
Introduction
Invasive plants are a threat to most ecosystems.
Invasions can alter disturbance regimes, biodiversity,
ecosystem structure and functions, and agricultural
production (D’Antonio and Vitousek 1992; Heywood
1989; Mack et al. 2000; Vitousek et al. 1
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