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On the number of bound states for Schrdinger operators with operator-valued potentials
ON THE NUMBER OF BOUND STATES FOR
SCHRO?DINGER OPERATORS WITH OPERATOR-VALUED
POTENTIALS
DIRK HUNDERTMARK
Abstract. Cwikel’s bound is extended to an operator-valued setting.
One application of this result is a semi-classical bound for the number
of negative bound states for Schro?dinger operators with operator-valued
potentials. We recover Cwikel’s bound for the Lieb–Thirring constant L0,3
which is far worse than the best available by Lieb (for scalar potentials).
However, it leads to a uniform bound (in the dimension d ≥ 3) for the
quotient L0,d/L
cl
0,d, where L
cl
0,d is the so-called classical constant. This
gives some improvement in large dimensions.
1. Introduction
The Lieb-Thirring inequalities bound certainmoments of the negative eigen-
values of a one-particle Schro?dinger operator by the corresponding classical
phase space moment. More precisely, for “nice enough” potentials one has
trL2(Rd)(??+ V )γ? ≤
Cγ,d
(2π)d
∫∫
RdRd
dξdx (ξ2 + V (x))γ?. (1)
Here and in the following, (x)? =
1
2 (|x| ? x) is the negative part of a real
number or a self-adjoint operator. Doing the ξ integration explicitly with the
help of scaling the above inequality is equivalent to its more often used form
trL2(Rd)(??+ V )γ? ≤ Lγ,d
∫
Rd
dx V (x)
γ+d/2
? , (2)
where the Lieb-Thirring constant Lγ,d is given by Lγ,d = Cγ,dL
cl
γ,d with the
classical Lieb-Thirring constant
Lclγ,d =
1
(2π)d
∫
Rd
dp(1? p2)γ+. (3)
This integral is, of course, explicitly given by a quotient of Gamma functions,
but we will have no need for this. The Lieb-Thirring inequalities are valid as
soon as the potential V is in Lγ+d/2(Rd).
Department of Mathematics 253–37, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
91125, U.S.A.; E-mail: dirkh@caltech.edu.
2000 Mathematics subject classification. Primary: 35P15, 47B10; Secondary: 81Q10,
47L20. Key words: CLR estimate, weak type estimates, singular values.
c?2000 by the author. Reproduction of this article, in its entirety, by any means is
permitted for non-commer
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