中国哲学简史各章精华总结.docxVIP

The spirit of Chinese philosophyPhilosophy is systematic, reflective thinking on life. Reflecting thinking is the thinking on thinking. Before we start to think about life, we must first “think our thinking”. What the philosophers call the Universe is the totality of all that is. Taoism as a philosophy teaches the doctrine of following nature; while Taoism as a religion teaches the doctrine of working against nature.It is ethics (especially Confucian ethics) and not religion(at least not religion of a formal, organized type) that provided the spiritual basis in Chinese civilization.God is a personality in Christianity, and consequently the love of God by man is comparable to the love of a father by his son.In the tradition of Chinese philosophy, there is a distinction between working on learning and working on Tao. The purpose of the former is the increase of positive knowledge; that of the latter is the elevation of the mind. (为学日盛，为道日损) philosophy belongs to the latter category.The highest achievement of a sage is the identification of the individual with the Universe.Chinese philosophy is both of this world (入世) and of the other world (出世). This-worldly philosophy: emphasizing what is in society, speaking only about moral values not super-moral ones, for practical use and realistic and superficial.Other-worldly philosophy: If a sage wants to realize the highest achievement, he has to abandon society and even life itself, idealistic.This-worldliness and other-worldliness stand in contrast to each other as do idealism and realism. The task of Chinese philosophy is to accomplish a synthesis out of these antitheses.Chinese sage: sageliness within and kingliness without (内圣外王). In his inner sageliness, he accomplishes spiritual cultivation. In his kingliness without, he functions in society.Philosophy is not simply something to be known, but is also something to be experiment. Philosophy is a system of precepts internal to the conduct of the philosopher.Suggestiveness