环境汞污染.pdfVIP

　　收稿 : 2008 年 10 月 　3 国家自然科学基金项目 (No.资助3 3 通讯联系人 　e2mail :fengxinbin @vip. skleg. cn 环境汞污染 3 冯新斌1 3 3 　仇广乐1 　付学吾1 　何天容2 　李　平1 　王少锋3 (1. 中国科学院地球化学研究所 环境地球化学国家重点实验室 　贵阳 550002 ; 2. 贵州大学喀斯特环境与地质灾害防治重点实验室 　贵阳 550003 ; 3. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 　沈阳 110016) 摘 　要　由于特殊的物理化学性质和强的毒性 ,汞已经成为全球关注的污染物。本文对目前大气汞的 来源、汞在大气中的形态分布及在全球大气分布的特点和汞在大气中的迁移转化规律等方面进行了详细地 介绍 ,提出了大气汞研究的展望。评述了近年来水生生态系统汞的生物地球化学循环研究领域的新进展及 存在问题 ,提出了对汞甲基化机理认识的研究要进一步加强的观点。对汞矿开采和混汞法炼金区环境汞污 染及对居民健康的危害研究进展进行了详细地评述 ,指出矿区居民汞暴露的主要途径。最后 ,本文还总结了 目前人体暴露不同形态汞对人体健康影响的最新进展。 关键词 　汞 　甲基汞 　大气 　水生生态系统 　矿山 　人体暴露 中图分类号 : X501 ; O614. 24 + 3 　文献标识码 : A 　文章编号 :(2009) 02Π320436222 Mercury Pollution in the Environment Feng Xinbin 1 3 3 　Qiu Guangle1 　Fu Xuewu1 　He Tianrong2 　Li Ping1 　Wang Shaofeng3 (1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry , Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002 , China ; 2. Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention , Guizhou University , Guiyang 550003 , China ; 3. Shenyang Insitute of Applied Ecology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China) Abstract 　Due to special physicochemical property and extreme toxicity , mercury is regarded as a global pollutant . The progress on the emission sources of mercury to the air , the distribution and speciation of mercury in ambient air in the global scale and the transformation of mercury in the troposphere is critically reviewed. We also highlighted the future research needs regarding mercury cycling in the global atmosphere. The new achievements on mercury biogeochemical cycling in aquatic systems are summarized and it is pointed out that more study is urgently needed to scrutinize the mechanism of mercury methylation in aquatic systems. The status of mercury pollution to the local environment and it impacts on human health in mercury mining and gold mining areas are summarized , and the major pathway of mercury exposure to local inhabitants are pointed out . Finally , we summarize the r