2 Interpretation of χ.pdf

Grothendieck Rings, Euler Characteristics, and Schanuel Dimensions of Models Thomas Scanlon 29 September 2000 1 χ = F ? E + V 2 Interpretation of χ ? Euler-Poincare? characteristic: χ(X) = ∑(?1)i dim H i (X) ? (hyper-)graph theoretic/combinatorial version ? additive invariant of definable sets 3 O-minimal structures Definition 1 A linearly ordered structureM = (M, , · · · ) in a language extending the language of ordered sets is o-minimal if every (parametrically) definable subset ofM is a finite Boolean combination of points and intervals of the form (a, b) with a, b ∈ M ∪ {?∞,∞}. Examples: ? (Q, ) ? (D, .+, {λ·}λ∈D) where D is an ordered division ring. ? (R, ,+, ·, 0, 1) ? (R, ,+, ·, exp, 0, 1) 4 Abstract Euler characteristics Definition 2 An Euler characteristic on a first-order structureM is a function χ from the set of (parametrically) definable subsets of powers of M to some ring satisfying ? χ(X) = χ(Y ) if there is a definable bijection between X and Y , ? χ(X ∪?Y ) = χ(X)+ χ(Y ), ? χ(X × Y ) = χ(X) · χ(Y ), and ? χ({?}) = 1 for any ? ∈M. 5 Euler characteristics on o-minimal structures Theorem 3 (van den Dries) IfM = (M, ,+, ·, 0, 1, . . .) is an o-minimal expansion of an ordered field, then there is a unique Euler characteristic χ onM with values in Z. Moreover, if the underlying field is R, then χ agrees with the topological Euler characteristics on definable manifolds. The o-minimal Euler characteristic is a finer invariant than the topological Euler characteristic. For example, χ0((0, 1)) = ?1 6= 0 = χ0([0, 1)) but χtop((0, 1)) = ?1 = χtop([0, 1)). 6 The rig of definable sets Definition 4 Given an L-structureM and a natural number n, Defn(M) is the set of all LM -definable subsets of ofMn . The set Def(M) is∞? n=0 Def n(M). Def(M) forms a category with the morphisms between two definable sets being the set of definable functions between them. Definition 5 D?ef(M) is the set of isomorphism classes of definable subsets of powers ofM. We write [ ] : Def(M)