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Implementing Transaction Control Expressions by Checking for Absence of Access Rights
Proc. of 8th Annual Computer Security Applications Conf., San Antonio, TX, Dec 2-4, 1992, pages 131-140.
Implementing Transaction Control Expressions by
Checking for Absence of Access Rights
Paul E. Ammann Ravi S. Sandhu
Center for Secure Information Systems and
Department of Information and Software Systems Engineering
George Mason University Fairfax, VA 22030
Abstract
Separation of duties is an important, real-world re-
quirement that access control models should support.
In [13], Sandhu introduced the transaction control ex-
pression (TCE) for specifying dynamic separation of
duties. In this paper we consider the implementation
of TCEs in the typed access matrix model (TAM) re-
cently proposed by Sandhu [16]. We show that TAM
requires extension for satisfactory handling of dynamic
separation of duties. In particular, dynamic separa-
tion requires the capability to explicitly test for the ab-
sence of rights in cells of the access matrix. We il-
lustrate how TAM, extended to incorporate such tests,
can implement TCEs. We also discuss the impact of
checks for absence of rights on safety analysis (i.e.,
the determination of whether or not a given subject
can acquire a given right to a given object).
1 Introduction
The need for access controls arises in any computer
system that provides for controlled sharing of informa-
tion and other resources among multiple users. Access
control models (also called protection models or secu-
rity models) provide a formalism and framework for
specifying, analyzing and implementing security poli-
cies in multi-user systems. These models are typically
dened in terms of the well-known abstractions of sub-
jects, objects and access rights with which we assume
the reader is familiar.
Access controls are useful to the extent they meet
users needs. In this paper we consider the implemen-
tation of separation of duties. Separation of duties is
The work of both authors is partially supported by National
Science Foundation grant CCR-9202
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