IPCControlled Impedance.pdf

Speeding Edge, Spring 2003 SLIDE # 1 THE HOW AND WHY OF OBTAINING ACCURATE IMPEDANCE CALCULATIONS SESSION W-17 PRESENTED AT SPRING IPC CONFERENCE LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA PRESENTER LEE RITCHEY COPYRIGHT, MARCH 2003 SPEEDING EDGE Speeding Edge, Spring 2003 SLIDE # 2 WHAT IS IMPEDANCE? ? Impedance is the resistance to the flow of energy in a transmission line. ? At low frequencies, it is primarily the DC resistance of the bulk copper and is relatively small in PCB traces. ? At high frequencies it is primarily reactive and substantially higher than the DC or low frequency value. ? Reactance is both capacitive and inductive. Bogatin, Eric, “What is Characteristic Impedance?” Printed Circuit Design, January 2000. Very good article. Speeding Edge, Spring 2003 SLIDE # 3 WHAT IS CONTROLLED IMPEDANCE? ? Controlling impedance is keeping all sources of impedance mismatch in a transmission line within limits that don’t result in malfunctions caused by reflections at impedance changes. ? Perfect matching is not necessary. “Good enough” is all that is needed. Good enough can and needs to be calculated by the creator of the design rule set. ? Perfect impedance matching wastes time and money and does not contribute to better performance. Speeding Edge, Spring 2003 SLIDE # 4 WHY IS CONTROLLED IMPEDANCE NEEDED? ? Energy in the form of an electromagnetic wave propagates down transmission lines. ? At points along the transmission line where there are impedance changes, some of that energy reflects back to the source. ? This reflected energy can destructively degrade a signal. Speeding Edge, Spring 2003 SLIDE # 5 A SIGNAL WITH CONTROLLED IMPEDANCE Rs = 25 ohms 50 ohm 2.0 nSEC/ft 12 TL Passive Receiver Linear Driver Zout = 25 ohms Vout = 5V SERIES TERMINATED TRANSMISSION LINE Comment: Simple Series Terminated Transmission Line 8.000 volts -1.000 volts 0.0 volts 0.000ns 20.000ns 1 V/div 2 nsec/div Transmission Line Output Transmission Line Input