iron environment.pdf

Energy Trends in Selected Manufacturing Sectors: Opportunities and Challenges for Environmentally Preferable Energy Outcomes March 2007 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Energy Trends in Selected Manufacturing Sectors: Opportunities and Challenges for Environmentally Preferable Energy Outcomes Final Report March 2007 Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Policy, Economics, and Innovation Sector Strategies Division Prepared by: ICF International 9300 Lee Highway Fairfax, VA 22031 (703) 934-3000 Sector Energy Scenarios: Iron and Steel 3.6 Iron and Steel Recent Sector Trends Informing the Base Case 3.6.1 Base Case Scenario Number of facilities: ↓ Situation Assessment Value of shipments: Mixed (see text for explanation) Energy consumption/ton of steel shipped: ↓ The iron and steel industry participates in EPA’s Sector Strategies Program. To produce steel, Major fuel sources: Coal, natural gas, coke, electricity facilities in the iron and steel industry (NAICS Current economic and energy consumption data are 331111) employ one of two production summarized in Table 39 on 55. processes, which utilize a variety of raw materials and technologies and have different energy use profiles: ? Integrated steel mills use a blast furnace to produce molten iron from iron ore, coal, coke, and fluxing agents. A basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is then used to convert the molten iron, along with up to 30 percent steel scrap and alloys, into refined steel. Integrated steelmaking has declined from 52.6 percent of U.S. steelmaking production in 2001 to 44.9 percent of production in 2005 (estimated value updated March 2006).161 ? Electric arc furnace (EAF) steel mills utilize steel scrap and up to 30 percent of other iron- bearing materials to produce steel. EAF steel plants primarily produce carbon steels as well as alloy and specialty steels. EAF steelmaking has grown from 47.4 percent of U.S. steelmaking