Periodic Bounce for Nucleation Rate at Finite Temperature in Minisuperspace Models.pdf

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Periodic Bounce for Nucleation Rate at Finite Temperature in Minisuperspace Models.pdf

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Periodic Bounce for Nucleation Rate at Finite Temperature in Minisuperspace Models

a r X i v : h e p - t h / 9 9 0 9 1 4 2 v 1 2 1 S e p 1 9 9 9 Periodic Bounce for Nucleation Rate at Finite Temperature in Minisuperspace Models J.-Q. Liang1,2, H. J. W. Mu?ller-Kirsten1??, Y.-B. Zhang1,2, A. V. Shurgaia1, S.-P. Kou3, D.K. Park1,4 1. Department of Physics, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany 2. Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China 3. Institute of Physics and Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 4. Department of Physics, Kyungnam University, Masan, 631-701, Korea Abstract The periodic bounce configurations responsible for quantum tunneling are obtained explicitly and are extended to the finite energy case for minisuper- space models of the Universe. As a common feature of the tunneling models at finite energy considered here we observe that the period of the bounce increases with energy monotonically. The periodic bounces do not have bifur- cations and make no contribution to the nucleation rate except the one with zero energy. The sharp first order phase transition from quantum tunneling to thermal activation is verified with the general criterions. PACS numbers: 11.15.Kc, 03.65.Sq, 05.70.Fh, 98.80.Cq ?e-mail: mueller1@physik.uni-kl.de ?corresponding author 1 I. INTRODUCTION Quantum tunneling at finite energy and temperature, the so-called thermally assisted tunneling, has attracted considerable attention recently in the study of the crossover from the quantum tunneling domain to the thermal activation (hopping) region. The instanton method plays a central role in these studies. The probability of tunneling at zero temperature can be obtained from a micro-cannonical ensemble and has a path integral representation [1]. In the one loop approximation the probability is P = Ae?S where the preexponential factor A arises from Gaussian functional integration over small fluctuations around the instanton so