Radiological-Chest-Signs.ppt

By: Nour-Eldin A Mohammed Ref :Collins, Jannette; Stern, Eric J. Title: Chest Radiology: The Essentials (2008)  Air Bronchogram Sign Branching, linear, tubular lucency representing a bronchus or bronchiole passing through airless lung parenchyma . This sign indicates that the underlying opacity must be parenchymal rather than pleural or mediastinal in location. DD: Pneumonia lymphoma bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma.  Bulging Fissure Sign Consolidation spreading rapidly, causing lobar expansion and bulging of the adjacent fissure inferiorly . Historically Klebsiella pneumoniae involving the right upper lobe . Friedlander pneumonia.   Continuous Diaphragm Sign Continuous lucency outlining the base of the heart, representing pneumomediastinum . Air in the mediastinum tracks extrapleurally, between the heart and diaphragm . Pneumopericardium can have a similar appearance but will show air circumferentially outlining the heart.  CT angiogram Sign Identification of vessels within an airless portion of lung on contrast-enhanced CT . The vessels are prominently seen against a background of low-attenuation material . Associated with: bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma lymphoma infectious pneumonias.  Deep Sulcus Sign This sign refers to a deep collection of intrapleural air (pneumothorax) in the costophrenic sulcus as seen on the supine chest radiograph . Fallen Lung Sign This sign refers to the appearance of the collapsed lung occurring with a fractured bronchus . The bronchial fracture results in the lung to fall away from the hilum, either inferiorly and laterally in an upright patient or posteriorly, as seen on CT in a supine patient. DD: Pneumothorax causes a lung to collapse inward toward the hilum. Flat waist Sign This sign refers to flattening of the contours of the aortic knob and adjacent main pulmonary artery . It is seen in severe collapse of the left lower lobe and is caused by leftward displacement and rotation of the heart Finger in Glove Si