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Realistic Expanding Source Model for Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
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REALISTIC EXPANDING SOURCE MODEL FOR RELATIVISTIC
HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS
Scott Chapman1 and J. Rayford Nix1
1Theoretical Division
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
INTRODUCTION
An international search is currently underway for the quark-gluon plasma—a pre-
dicted new phase of nuclear matter where quarks roam almost freely throughout the
medium instead of being confined to individual nucleons.1,2 Such a plasma could be
formed through the compression and excitation that occur when nuclei collide at rel-
ativistic speeds. With increasing compression the nucleons overlap sufficiently that
they should lose their individual identity and transform into deconfined quarks, and
with increasing excitation the many pions that are produced overlap sufficiently that
they should lose their individual identity and transform into deconfined quarks and
anti-quarks.
Experimental identification of the quark-gluon plasma, as well as understanding
other aspects of the process, will require knowing the overall spacetime evolution of
the hot, dense hadronic matter that is produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
The spacetime evolution of this hadronic matter can in principle be extracted from
experimental measurements of invariant one-particle multiplicity distributions and two-
particle correlations in emitted pions, kaons, and other particles. The foundations
for two-particle correlations were laid in the 1950s by Hanbury Brown and Twiss,3
who used two-photon correlations to measure the size of stars, and by Goldhaber et
al.,4 who used two-pion correlations to measure the size of the interaction region in
antiproton annihilation. Following this pioneering work, many researchers have already
analyzed correlations among pions and among kaons produced in relativistic heavy-ion
collisions in terms of simple models to obtain some limited information about the size
and duration of the emitting sou
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