紫溪山大型真菌物种多样性研究.docxVIP

紫溪山大型真菌物种多样性研究*  摘要: 对紫溪山自然保护区大型真菌进行了较为细致的收集、鉴定，并对优势科、属，营养类型和利用价值进行了分 析。结果显示紫溪山大型真菌有 2 门 5 纲 12 目 49 科 135 属 291 种。占优势的科有 7 个，占总科数的 14. 29% ，包含 166 种，占总种数的 57. 06% ; 占优势的属 ( 种数≥5 的属) 有 10 个，占总属数的 7. 41% ，包含 103 种，占总种数的 35. 40% 。按营养方式可以分为腐生、共生、寄生 3 个类型: 腐生菌最多，有 187 种，占全部种数的 64. 26% ; 共生型 有 101 种，占总种数的 34. 71% ; 寄生较少，仅有 3 种，占全部物种数量的 1. 03% 。按照利用价值可分为食用、药用、 毒菌 3 类: 可食用的有 184 种，占总数的 63. 23% ; 可药用的有 56 种，占总数的 19. 24% ; 有毒菌 27 种，占总种数的 9. 28% 。 关键词: 大型真菌; 紫溪山; 优势科; 优势属; 营养类型 The Species Diversity of Macrofungi in Zixi Mountain Abstract: In this article，macrofungi of Zixi Mountain nature reserve were collected and identified in detail． Also，dominant families and genera，nutritional models，valuable were analyzed． The results showed that the 291 species belonged to 135 gene- ra，49 families，12 orders，5 classes，2 phyla． There were 7 dominant families and 166 species，which occupy 14． 29% of the total number of families and 57． 06% of the total number of species． There were 10 genera ( ≥5 species) and 103 species， which occupy 7． 41% of the total number of genera and 35． 40% of the total number of species． According to their nutritional models，saprobiotic，symbiotic and parasitic fungi were classified． Saprobiotic fungi had the most species number 187，64． 26% of the total． Symbiotic fungi had 101 species，34． 71% of the total． Parasitic fungi had only 3 species，1． 03% of the total． Ac- cording to their valuable，edible fungi，medicinal fungi and toadstool were classified． Edible fungi had 184 species，63． 23% of the total． Medicinal fungi have 56 species，19． 24% of the total． Toadstools had 27 species，9． 28% of the total． Key words: Macrofungi; Zixi Mountain; Dominant families; Dominant genera; Nutritional models 1 前言 紫溪山自然保护区位于云南省??雄彝族自治州，地理位置 为 N24°58 ～ 25°04、E101°22 ～ 101°26，东西宽约 6 km，南北长 16 km，总面积 160 km2 ，核心地区面积为 43 km2 。整体山势为狭 长形台地，呈南北走向，属云岭山脉的哀牢山东侧支脉，最高峰 位于东南部的紫溪山，海拔 2 502 m，