非谓语动词---思路清晰讲述.ppt

非谓语动词的用法区别 非谓语动词的用法区别 动词不定式与动名词　 动词不定式与分词 动名词与现在分词 现在分词与过去分词 其它情况 一、动词不定式与动名词 　　从结构上看，两者不同之处有：动名词前可用介词，它还可以被名词所有格（或代词）修饰；不定式前通常不用介词，更不能被名词所有格（或代词）修饰。 　　在实际应用中，有下列各点值得注意： 1、作主语或表语时 一般说来，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。 Smoking is not allowed here. (表习惯、爱好、或抽象的动作、经常做的事情。) To smoke so much is not good for you. (表具体的、一次性动作、要做的事情。) Their jog is building houses. (抽象、经常的动作) Their work is to build another bridge across the river. (具体、要做的动作) 2、作宾语时 1)动名词可作动词和介词的宾语 2)动词不定式一般作动词的宾语，疑问词＋to do 可作介词的宾语。 They preferred walking to school to cycling. They preferred to stay at home rather than go out in such hot weather. Our English teacher often gives us some advice on how to learn English. 1)作动词宾语时，两种结构在意义上有时差别不大，这样的动词有： 　like, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, propose, deserve, need, can’t bear, 等。 Do you like playing (to play) chess? When did you begin learning (to learn) English? Your suit needs ironing ( to be ironed). 注意 【1】在like ,hate, prefer 等动词之后，如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语；如指特定的或某次行动，则用不定式更多一些。 I like reading books of this kind, but I don’t like to read that book. She prefer walking to cycling. I prefer to stay at home today. 注意 【2】在begin, start, cease后，如果表示有意识地开始（停止）做某事，多用动名词；如果动作自动或突然开始（停止），则多用不定式。 He began talking about his plan for summer holiday. Suddenly it began to rain. We started working on the program in 2001. The factory has ceased making motorcycles. After that she ceased to worry about her daughter. 2)作动词宾语时，两种结构在意义上有时差别很大，这样的动词有： remember, forget, regret, stop, mean, try, 等。 remember/ forget/ regret +v-ing 表已经发生的动作， remember/ forget/ regret + v-ing 表动作还没有发生。 mean doing 意思是……；意味着…… mean to do 意欲，打算要做…… stop to do 停下来要做…… stop doing 停止正在做的动作 try doing 　试着做…… try to do sth. 试图做…… 3)　在动词want , require, need, 等后 ◎动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，用人作主语； ◎动名词作宾语时（=to be done)，用物作主语。 Someone needs to see you , sir. The wall needs repairing(= to be repaired). I want to go to the barber’s because my hair wants cutting(= to be cut). 4)动名词作定语表