Higher Twist, $xi_w$ Scaling, and Effective $LO PDFs$ for Lepton Scattering in the Few GeV.pdf

a r X i v : h e p - e x / 0 2 1 0 0 2 4 v 2 1 7 J a n 2 0 0 3 Higher Twist, ξw Scaling, and Effective LO PDFs for Lepton Scattering in the Few GeV Region A Bodek?and U K Yang?§ ? Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14618, USA ? Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago,Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA Abstract. We use a new scaling variable ξw, and add low Q2 modifications to GRV98 leading order parton distribution functions such that they can be used to model electron, muon and neutrino inelastic scattering cross sections (and also photoproduction) at both very low and high energies. 1. Higher Twists and Previous Results with GRV94 PDFs and xw The quark distributions in the proton and neutron are parametrized as Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) obtained from global fits to various sets of data at very high energies. These fits are done within the theory of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in either leading order (LO) or next to leading order (NLO). The most important data come from deep-inelastic e/μ scattering experiments on hydrogen and deuterium, and νμ and νμ experiments on nuclear targets. In previous publications [1, 2, 3] we have compared the predictions of the NLO MRSR2 PDFs to deep-inelastic e/μ scattering data [4] on hydrogen and deuterium from SLAC, BCDMS and NMC. In order to get agreement with the lower energy SLAC data for F2 and R down to Q2=1 GeV2, and at the highest values of x (x = 0.9), we found that the following modifications to the NLO MRSR2 PDFs must be included. (i) The relative normalizations between the various data sets and the BCDMS systematic error shift must be included [1, 2]. (ii) Deuteron binding corrections need to be applied and the ratio of d/u at high x must be increased as discussed in ref. [1]. (iii) Kinematic higher-twist originating from target mass effects [5] are very large and must be included. (iv) Dynamical higher-twist corrections are smaller but also need to be include