Industrial energy efficiency and climate change mitigation.pdfVIP

Industrial energy efficiency and climate change mitigation Ernst Worrell Lenny Bernstein Joyashree Roy Lynn Price Jochen Harnisch Received: 15 June 2008 /Accepted: 7 November 2008 / Published online: 30 November 2008 # The Author(s) 2008. This article is published with open access at S Abstract Industry contributes directly and indirectly (through consumed electricity) about 37% of the global greenhouse gas emissions, of which over 80% is from energy use. Total energy-related emis- sions, which were 9.9 GtCO2 in 2004, have grown by 65% since 1971. Even so, industry has almost continuously improved its energy efficiency over the past decades. In the near future, energy efficiency is potentially the most important and cost-effective means for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from industry. This paper discusses the potential contribu- tion of industrial energy-efficiency technologies and policies to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions to 2030. Keywords Greenhouse gas mitigation . Industry . Energy efficiency . Policy . Potentials Introduction This article is based on chapter 7 of the Working Group III report to the IPCC Fourth Assessment (IPCC 2007) and provides a review of the trends, opportunities, and policy options to reduce green- house gas (GHG) emissions from the industrial sector. Industry uses almost 40% of worldwide energy. It contributes almost 37% of global GHG emissions. In most countries, CO2 accounts for more than 90% of CO2-eq GHG emissions from the industrial sector (Price et al. 2006; US EPA 2006). These CO2 emissions arise from three sources: (1) the use of fossil fuels for energy, either directly by industry for heat and power generation or indirectly in the generation of purchased electricity and steam, (2) non-energy uses of fossil fuels in chemical processing Energy Efficiency (2009) 2:109–123 DOI 10.1007/s12053-008-9032-8 E. Worrell (*) Science, Technology Society, Copernicus Institute, ECOFYS/Utrecht University, Heidelberglaa