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Interlayer exchange coupling a comparison of two theoretical concepts
PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B, 1998, VOL.78, NOS. 5/6, 557±564
Interlayer exchange coupling: a comparison of two
theoretical concepts
J. Opitz, P. Zahn and I. Mertig
Institut fuè r Theoretische Physik, Technische Universitaèt Dresden, 01062 Dresden,
Germany
Abstract
Interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) is calculated for Co/Cu and Ni/Cu(100)
multilayers. The calculations are based on density functional theory using two
di?erent Green function methods. Results of a supercell formulation with
periodically repeated layers are compared to results for bilayers treated as planar
perturbations. The coupling energy is obtained employing a frozen potential
approximation. It will be shown that the results of both methods are in good
agreement concerning the oscillation periods. Slight variations of the amplitude
might be caused by additional multiple scattering e?ects in the superlattice.
§ 1. Introduction
For a large number of magnetic multilayers experiments show an oscillatory
behaviour of the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) (Gruènberg et al. 1986; Parkin
et al. 1990) as a function of the thickness of the non-magnetic spacer. Based on a
Ruderman±Kittel±Kasuya±Yosida ( RKKY ) picture (Bruno and Chappert 1991), the
oscillation periods are related to extremal spanning vectors (callipers) of the Fermi
surface of the spacer material. However, the RKKY results are incomplete since they
determine neither the amplitudes nor the phases of the oscillations. Furthermore, the
discussion is only valid within the asymptotic limit, that is, for large distances
(Kudrnovsky? et al. 1997).
Signi?cant progress has been made using reliable ab initio calculations (Hermann
et al. 1991, Lang et al. 1993, Kudrnovsky? et al. 1997). Two di?erent types of calcula-
tion for IEC can be distinguished. One is based on a supercel l geometry (e.g.
Hermann et al. 1991), which means that translational invariance is assumed. The
other type investigates a magnetic bi- or multilayer embedded as a perturbation in an
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