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Intrinsic Parameters of GRB990123 from Its Prompt Optical Flash and Afterglow
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Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 000–000 (2000) Printed 1 February 2008 (MN LATEX style file v1.4)
Intrinsic Parameters of GRB990123 from Its Prompt
Optical Flash and Afterglow
X. Y. Wang1, Z.G. Dai1,2 and T. Lu1,2 ?
1Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
2LCRHEA, Institute for High-Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
Accepted ........ Received .......; in original form .......
ABSTRACT
We have constrained the intrinsic parameters, such as the magnetic energy density
fraction (?B), the electron energy density fraction (?e), the initial Lorentz factor (Γ0)
and the Lorentz factor of the reverse external shock (Γrs), of GRB990123, in terms
of the afterglow information (forward shock model) and the optical flash information
(reverse shock model). Our result shows: 1) the inferred values of ?e and ?B are consis-
tent with the suggestion that they may be universal parameters, comparing to those
inferred for GRB970508; 2) the reverse external shock may have become relativistic
before it passed through the ejecta shell. Other instrinsic parameters of GRB990123,
such as energy contained in the forward shock E and the ambient density n are also
determined and discussed in this paper.
Key words: gamma-rays: bursts—shock waves—magnetic fields—optical radiation
1 INTRODUCTION
The current standard model for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)
and their afterglows is the fireball-plus-shock model (see Pi-
ran 1999 for a review). It involves that a large amount of en-
ergy, E0 ～ 1051?54 ergs, is released within a few seconds in a
small volume with negligible baryonic load, Mc2 ? E0. This
leads to a fireball that expands ultra-relativistically with a
Lorentz factor Γ0 ? E0/Mc2 100 required to avoid the at-
tenuation of hard γ-rays due to pair production (e.g. Woods
Loeb 1995; Fenimore, Epstein Ho 1993). A substantial
fraction of the kinetic energy of th
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