Y-type Flux-Tube Formation and Gluonic Excitations in Baryons From QCD to Quark Model.pdf

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Y-type Flux-Tube Formation and Gluonic Excitations in Baryons From QCD to Quark Model.pdf

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Y-type Flux-Tube Formation and Gluonic Excitations in Baryons From QCD to Quark Model

a r X i v : h e p - l a t / 0 4 0 7 0 1 1 v 1 7 J u l 2 0 0 4 February 1, 2008 4:35 WSPC/Trim Size: 9in x 6in for Proceedings conf03hep Y-TYPE FLUX-TUBE FORMATION AND GLUONIC EXCITATIONS IN BARYONS: FROM QCD TO QUARK MODEL HIDEO SUGANUMA AND HIROKO ICHIE Faculty of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ohokayama 2-12-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan suganuma@th.phys.titech.ac.jp TORU T. TAKAHASHI Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Using SU(3) lattice QCD, we perform the first systematic study for the ground- state three-quark (3Q) potential V g.s. 3Q and the 1st excited-state 3Q potential V e.s. 3Q , i.e., the energies of the ground state and the 1st excited state of the gluon field in the presence of the static three quarks. From the accurate and thorough calcu- lation for more than 300 different patterns of 3Q systems, the static ground-state 3Q potential V g.s. 3Q is found to be well described by the Coulomb plus Y-type linear potential, i.e., Y-Ansatz, within 1%-level deviation. As a clear evidence for Y-Ansatz, Y-type flux-tube formation is actually observed on the lattice in maximally-Abelian projected QCD. For more than 100 patterns of 3Q systems, we calculate the 1st excited-state 3Q potential V e.s. 3Q in quenched lattice QCD, and find the gluonic excitation energy ?E3Q ≡ V e.s.3Q ? V g.s.3Q to be about 1 GeV. This large gluonic-excitation energy is conjectured to ensure the success of the quark model for the low-lying hadrons even without gluonic excitations. 1. Introduction ～ Hadron Physics based on QCD Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the SU(3) gauge theory, was first pro- posed by Yoichiro Nambu1 in 1966 as a candidate for the fundamental theory of the strong interaction, just after the introduction of the “new” quantum number, “color”.2 In spite of its simple form, QCD creates thou- sands of hadrons and makes the vacuum nontrivial, which leads to vari- ous interesting nonpe