vocabulary Chap~.docVIP

Vocabulary of Chapter 1 注：表中未标出词性的词均为名词。 microorganisms微生物microbiology微生物学bacteria细菌 (single: bacterium)fungi真菌 (single: fungus)algae 藻类 (single: alga)protozoa原生动物 (single: protozoan)virus病毒micrometer微米plasma membrane质膜metabolism新陈代谢unicellularadj. 单细胞的multicellularadj. 多细胞的prokaryoticadj. 原核(细胞)的prokaryote原核细胞eukaryoticadj. 真核(细胞)的eukaryote真核细胞ribosome核糖体organelles细胞器nucleus细胞核eubacteria真细菌 (single: eubacterium)archaebacteria古细菌 (single: archaebacterium)acellularadj. 无细胞结构的、非细胞的antibiotic抗生素vaccine疫苗Leeuwenhoekinventor of microscope Vocabulary of Chapter 2 taxonomy分类学morphology形态学physiology生理学kingdom界genus属species种endosymbiotic theory 内共生理论viroid类病毒virusoid (viroid-like)拟病毒 (类类病毒)prion朊病毒capsid衣壳envelope被膜Bacteriophage (phage)噬菌体binomial name双名ATCC (American Type Culture Collection)美国典型菌种中心rod杆菌cocci球菌 (single: coccus)helical spiral螺旋菌curved rod弧菌Actinomycetes放线菌纲substrate substratum基内菌丝aerial mycelium气生菌丝asexualadj. 无性的spore孢子conidiospore分生孢子sporangiospores孢囊孢子hyphae菌丝 (single: hypha)mycelium菌丝体budding出芽plasmogamy质配karyogamy核配meiosis减数分裂Ascomycete子囊菌纲ascospore子囊孢子Basidiomycete担子菌纲basidiospore担孢子Zygomycetes结合菌纲zygospore结合孢子Deuteromycetes半知菌纲slime mold粘霉WhittakerProposer of five-kingdom classificationEscherichia coli大肠杆菌Streptomyces grisius灰色链霉菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae酿酒酵母Penicillium chrysogenum 点黄青霉菌 Vocabulary of Chapter 3 fermentation发酵Theory of Spontaneous Generation 自生说pasteurization巴斯德消毒法microscopy显微镜学microscope显微镜magnification放大magnifying power放大倍数resolution (resolving power; resolving distance)分辨率、分辨距离ocular (lenses)目镜objective (lenses)物镜numerical aperture数值孔径immersion objective油浸物镜、油镜staining染色fixation固定Gram staining革兰氏染色acid-fast staining抗酸性染色primary stain初染mordant媒染decolorizing脱色endospore内生孢子