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第一讲：孔孟之道第一讲：孔孟之道
Courseware of “Chinese and Western Cultures”
Part One: A Comparison of Ancient Chinese and Western Philosophies
Introduction
Purpose:
Sino-American roles in the world
1.1.2.Mutual need and reciprocity in the international arena(market and technology).
1.1.3.China’s rise, the world potential economic, political and military entity which is kind of threat to USA in the near future.
1.2. Content (See the Teaching Plan )
1.3. Teaching requirement and examination of this course (See 大纲及要求)
Lecture 1：Doctrines of Confucius and Mencius
2.1. Definition of Confucianism：Confucius ( 551-479B.C ) was the father of modern Chinese civilization. The most reliable source of his doctrines is the Analects. The very essential idea of Confucianism was “Benevolence”, it focuses on social order, conformity, activity, worldliness and hierarchical society. The social harmony lies in the benevolent governance, which is based on the officials who are believed to be the right models through their personal works other than by means of law and order.
2.2. Core Thoughts
(2.2.1.三钢（君为臣纲，父为子纲，妇为夫纲）
“Three Cardinal Guides: Rule guides subject, Father rules son, and husband rules wife”；
2.2.2五常（仁义礼智信）
Five Constant Virtues: Benevolence, Righteousness, Propriety, Knowledge and Sincerity）
2.2.3 .三从（未嫁从父，既嫁从夫，夫死从子）
Three Obedience: obey her father before marriage,
Obey her husband during the marital life, obey her son in widowhood.)
四德（妇德，妇容，妇言，妇工）
Four Virtues：fidelity, physical charm, propriety in speech,
efficiency in needle work）
2.2.4.人伦五常（父子有亲，君臣有义，夫妇有别，长幼有序，朋友有信Father and son are close, there are righteous monarch, couples are different, and seniority, friends, faith).”
2.2.5. 科举制度（ Imperial Examination System）
2.3.Differences between Confucius and Mencius in thoughts.
①Confucius was born in The Spring and Autumn (770-256 BC)
while Mencius was in the Warring States(770-478BC).
②Both Confucius and Mencius emphasize “Benevolence and Righteousness”, but Confucius implied that “People are
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