高中英语动词及动词短语讲义.ppt

动词和动词短语，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面： 1.动词的词义；2.动词搭配；3.动词短语；4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；5.常用动词的用法； ;一、动词短语辨析 动词短语的辨析是动词考查的重中之重，甚至有些形式上单个动词的辨析也是考查所构成短语的辨析。总的来说，动词短语的辨析可分为三种：一是以动词为主体词的辨析；二是以副词或介词为主体词的辨析；三是无关联的动词短语的辨析。近三年常见的动词短语有： (1)break break away from 脱离 break down 坏掉；分解；垮下来；谈判(破裂) break out 爆发;break in 打断；闯入 break into 闯入 break through 突破 break up 打碎；分解；分手 Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. (2013·福建卷) 在灾难中无线网络瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。;(2)bring bring about 引起，导致 bring down 使降低，使下降 bring in 引进；赚进 bring up 抚养；养育；呕吐 bring out 取出；出版；生产；阐明 Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing. (2011·福建卷) 因为大卫出生于有三兄弟的家庭，因此养成了分享意识。;(3)come come along 跟随 come out 出现；出版；结果是 come about 发生 come across 偶遇 come to 共计 come up 出现；被提出 come up with 提出 She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. (2011·天津卷) 昨天她在百货商店购物时遇到了一位老朋友。;(4)cut cut in 插嘴 cut off 切断 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒，削减 My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down. (2013·陕西卷) 我叔叔一直没能戒烟，但至少减少了吸烟的量。 ;(5)get get away 外出度假 get in 收割 get into 进入；养成 get through 完成；通过；解决；接通电话 get over 克服 get across 被理解；使通过 get off 下车/船/马/飞机等 get down to 着手作 get up 起床；起身 Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man got up and left. (2010·四川卷) 詹妮正在找座位，这时一个人起身离开了。;(6)go go against 违背 go over 预习；复习 go out 外出；熄灭 go without 没有……也行；没有……也可以勉强对付 To get a better grade, you should go over the notes again before the test. (2011·四川卷) 要想取得更好的成绩，你最好在考试前再复习一下笔记。; (7)look look through 浏览；透过……看 look into 调查 look up 向上看；查找 look up to 尊敬；敬仰 look round/around 环顾 I often look up the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet. (2011·四川卷) 我经常在词典或网上查阅不认识的单词。; (8) make make out 辨认出 make up 组成；编造 make up with 弥补 make the best of 充分利用 The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose Ill just