量子力学教学课件 chapter-1,2,5+习题讲解.pdfVIP

1?ù 1ù 1nù 1où 1êù tf??SK ??U nó?? 2014 c 5  12  ??U tf??SK 1?ù 1ù 1nù 1où 1êù 1?ù ￡:μ 1 ?N?!1A!xê??!àf(. =? 1?a?5 2 Bohr?ttfz^?μJ = n~ 3 í2?ttfz^?μ ∮ pdq = ( n+ 12 ) h 4 De BroglieXμ ??? E = hν = ~ωp = hλn = ~k 5 gdaf??êμψ(r) = Ae i ~ (p·r?Et) ??U tf??SK 1?ù 1ù 1nù 1où 1êù =1.1μd?N?úa???￡??μUt?Y4?? ¤éA??§YT¤?§=μλmT = b(~t)§?CqO ?bê?§O(?kêi êK?Ut?Yúaμρνdν = 8πhν3 c3 · 1 e hν kT ?1 dν ? u?λ(J§I??1CtO?μ ν = c λ ? dν dλ = ? c λ2 ? dν = ? c λ2 dλ ρλdλ = 8πhc λ5 · 1 e hc λkT ? 1 dλ Ut?Y4???kXe?§μ dρλ dλ = 0 ? x ≡ hc λmkT = 4.97 ? λmT = hc kx ≡ b = 2.9×10?3 ??U tf??SK 1?ù 1ù 1nù 1où 1êù 5μ ??? ρνμ?NSü?a?S?Ut?Yρλμ?NSü??S?Ut?Y??? dρλdλ = 0 ? λmdρν dν = 0 ? νm ? λmνm 6= c ??U tf??SK 1?ù 1ù 1nù 1où 1êù 1ù ￡:μ ??êúO)oμ??ê3?m,:rY(ìyé ?2?)u?*af3T:?yV?§af? ??V?? ω(r, t) = dW (r, t) dτ = c|φ(r, t)|2 8?zμ C = 1∫ ∞ |Φ|2dτ U\nμ eψ1?ψ2′NX?UG? ψ = c1ψ1 + c2ψ2 ?′NX? UG eNX?uψ1?ψ2?5U\Gψ = c1ψ1 + c2ψ2?NX ó??uψ1?ψ2  ??U tf??SK 1?ù 1ù 1nù 1où 1êù ????§μ i~ ?ψ(r, t) ?t = [? ~2 2m ?2 + U(r)]ψ(r, t) F V?6?Y?afê?eμ 1 V?6?YμJ ≡ i~2m (ψ?ψ? ? ψ??ψ) 2 afê/V??e?§μ?ω?t +? · J = 0 ??êIO^?μü?!k.!?Y ?ˉK U(r)?1?mμ ???êμ ψ(r, t) = φ(r)e? i ~Et ??U tf??SK 1?ù 1ù 1nù 1où 1êù A??ˉK|)μ 3?êU(r) ? M????H? ? ?§ ? ?ê ? .^? ? ? ?????32 ?5f 3^0B ??δ3^? ??U tf??SK 1?ù 1ù 1nù 1où 1êù ?????32§3?ê U(r)X?μ{ U(x) = 0 |x| a U(x) =∞ |x| a 2 μψ = 0§?de?ì?|)2SU(x) = 0μ ?§μ ? ~22m d 2ψ dx2 = Eψ |)?§μ d 2ψ dx2 + α2ψ = 0, α2 = 2mE~2 ?êμ ψS = A sinαx+B cosαx .^?μ ψS(±a) = 0 ? ψn = { A sin nπx2a , n?ó B cos nπx2a , n?? ?μ En = π2~2n2 8ma2 , n = 0, 1, 2, · · · 8?zμ ∫∞ ?∞ |ψ|2dx = 1 ? A = 1/ √ a ??U tf??SK 1?ù 1ù 1nù 1où 1êù ?5f§3U?ê U(x) = 12mω 2x2μ ?§μ ? ~22m d 2 dx2 ψ + 12mω 2x2ψ = Eψ |)?§μ d 2ψ dx2 + (λ? ξ2)ψ = 0 ξ = αx, α = √ mω ~ , λ = 2E ~ω ?êμ ψn = Nne ?α2x2/2Hn(αx) .^?μψ(∞)→ 0 ?μ En = (n+ 1 2)~ω, n = 0, 1, 2, · · · 8?zμ ∫∞ ?∞ |ψ|2dx = 1 ? Nn = √ α√ π2nn! ??U tf??SK 1?ù 1ù 1nù 1où 1êù 3^0Bμ ?Xê+?Xê=1 3^\°?Op =? ?Xê:ì~ 3