量子力学教学课件 QM.pdfVIP

1 X? §1.1 2;?n?(J ¤ò ????????????????????????? 1.ú???μ÷*!$?!?$?eg.°(uy 2.9??úO?nμ ????????? 9??μ÷*y?úO?nμ?*n 3.???μMaxwell?§|￡1?¤ (J ????????????????? 1.?N?μPlank.Uttfzb` 2.1AμEinstein1tf￡1f¤b` 3.f-?5f1ìμBohr§tfzf(. §1.2 1?a?5 ?!?N? 1. 9?μ???N3??§Ye?k9? ?μ?N±^??a? D49t 2. yé?N￡?N¤μUá?ì§t?ü^? vk??? ??ˉKμ9?2??Ut?Y??￡a?¤?ù5? 5μyé?N′?n?z?n.§y￠￥?±Cq/r??2á?¤??? nw??N 3. 2;)oμ Wien á?/pa Rayleigh-Jeans ?/$a ?????????? PlankUt?Yúaμ ρνdν = 8πhν3 c3 · 1 ehν/kT ? 1dν 4. PlankUttfzb`μUtfμε = hν = ~ω, ~ = h/2π Plank~êμh = 6.626 × 10?34J · s ?Ná?úu^??§?Ut?U′?Utfê=§εn = nhν y2 1.1. d Boltzmann?ù?§f3§Y?T??uUt? EV?ue? EKT§K¤k f2tUt?με? = hνehν/KT?1 y2μd PlankUttfzb`μεn = nhν d Boltzmann?ù?9úO2t1?μ ε? = ∞∑ n=0 Ee? E KT ∞∑ n=0 e? EKT = ∑ nhνe? nhν KT∑ e? nhνKT = hν ∑ ne?ny∑ e?ny 1 Figure 1: ?N?Ut?ù-? Figure 2: 1A￠? De f : ????????? x = e ? hνKT y = ? hνKT ????????????? ∞∑ n=0 e?ny = ∞∑ n=0 xn = 11?x §for 0 x 1 ∞∑ n=0 ne?ny = ? ddy ∞∑ n=0 e?ny = ? ddy ( 1 1?e?y ) = x(1?x)2 ε? = hνx/(1 ? x)2 1/(1 ? x) = hνe?y 1 ? e?y = hν ey ? 1 = hν ehν/KT ? 1 !1A 1. ￠y?μX Fig. 2§1ì7át?kfl7á￥o?y? 2. ￠5?μ (a) ú6μ?V ↑, I → Imax (b) ??μ 12 mv 2 = eVg§Vg ?1rY? (c) ?a?μν0 (d) μt?mμt 10?9s 3. 1tfb`μ 1fUtμε = hν Einstein1A?§μ 12 mv 2 = hν ? A 1f·??tμdm = m0√ 1?(v/c)2 §é1fkv = c§K m0 = 0 1f?tμdE2 = p2c2 + m2c4 ? E = pc ? hν = pc ? p = h/λ 4. 1f?a?5μ af5 ????????? ε = hνp = h/λ ???????????5 2 n!f-?5 f1ì 1. 2;n?μ (a) ? f±$??^?§Ut???;??~§Láf?￥?f? -? (b) ? f±$???1ì?Y§?￠*??51ì?? ~μ?f Balmerúaμν = Rc( 1m2 ? 1n2 ) ü?KμXJ1ì￥k ν1 ú ν2 ü^ì?§K~~?k ν1 + ν2 ú |ν1 ? ν2|ì? 2. Bohr.μ (a) ?μf?U-?/3u?X?áUtG￥§3ù G￥f?? ? Ut (b) [μf3?óU?m[?u?á?f§÷va?^?μ ν = |Em ? En| h 3. ?f(μd Bohr?ttfz^?μJ = n~ y2 1.2. d Bohrtfz^?§y2?f?áU? y2μ Bohrtfz^?μ J = mev · r = n~ ? v = n~mer ? f3±;$??μ mv2 r = e2 r ? v2 = e 2 mer dt?üaμ rn = n2~2 mee2 f3fComlomb3￥Ut?μ E = 1 2 mev2 ? e 2 r2 ?\rn§?áU?μ En = mee4 2~2n2 4. Bohr??μ?f??μr1 = ~ 2 mee