常考语法结构讲解.docVIP

常考语法结构讲解 一、时态 1．一般现在时 1.1 一般现在时可以用在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中表示将来时间。例如： We shall go outing when you finish your holiday homework. 1.2 表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的情况，常用于口语中，句中常有一个表示时间的状语。主要用于be, come go, start, begin, leave, return, end ,stop, open, take place等系动词。例： The plane takes off at 11 a.m.飞机上午11点起飞。 They leave at nine tomorrow morning.他们明天上午9点钟离开。 1.3 一般现在时除了可以用在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来时间外，还可用在wh-从句中，表示将来时间。例： It doesn’t matter who goes first. Whatever you say, I won’t change my mind 2．一般过去时 当主句为过去将来时，在其时间状语、条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作，例： I would not go with you if it rained the next. 3．现在进行时 3.1.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动用。例： Wake me up if I’m still sleeping at 7. Take care when you are walking. 3.2.表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示未来的状语）。例： Are you going anywhere tomorrow? We are leaving on Friday. 注：这种情况仅限于go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, play ,have, wear等动词。 3.3.表示状态、感觉等的动词，如be, love, like, know, forget, hope, see, belong to, own ,consist of, hate, want, prefer, understand, doubt, remain, contain, suggest, possess, desire等，一般不能用于进行状态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作，若用于进行时态，则表示重复的动作，往往带有说话人的感情色彩，常与always, constantly, continuously, forever等词连用；或该动作已接近完成，或词义已发生转换。例： He is always changing his mind. The train is arriving. He is expecting (waiting for )his girlfriend. 4．现在完成时 4.1.在用already, yet, just, as yet, ever, never等副词做状语时，常用现在完成时。 4.2.如果表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但与现在情况仍有联系，或者其影响、结果仍然存在，此时不与表示一般的状语连用。例： We have visited the Summer Palace. 4.3.如果表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在才完成或有可能继续下去，则通常与表示一段时间的状语连用。其中由since引导的状语从句用一般过去时。例： Richard has been ill for about 2 weeks since she left. 4.4. 如果主句是一般将来时，由as soon as , after, before, till/until, when, if等引出的状语从句常用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。例： I’ll help you as soon as I have finished my homework. 4.5.在下面这些表达方式后面要用现在完成时： This (That/It) is the first (second/third, etc,)… This (That/It) is the only. This (That/It) is the best (finest/worst/most interesting etc? That is the first time( that) he has felt relaxed for months. That is the fourth bottle (that ) they have drunk this evening. It抯