英语句子成分及结构专题答辩.docxVIP

句子成分及基本结构  PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 15 一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。 1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词 ②代词 ③数词 ④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式 ⑥动名词 ⑦主语从句等表示。例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语） 画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式： ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ②We often speak English in class. ③One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language. ⑨That he isn’t at home is not true. 正确运用主语的各种形式 2.谓语：谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： （1）简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如： He practises running every morning.（动词practise作谓语） We usually listen to the music on weekends.（动词短语listen to作谓语） （2）复合谓语： ①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。例如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. ②由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。例如： We are students. Your idea sounds great. 画出句子的谓语，并说明其构成方式： ①My sister is crying over there. ②I have been waiting for you all the time. ③I would stay at home all day. 正确运用主语的各种形式 3.表语：表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, stay, remain, seem, appear, look, smell, sound, feel, taste, become, get, grow, go, turn, prove等）之后。可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①名词 ②代词 ③数词 ④分词⑤不定式 ⑥动名词 ⑦介词短语⑧副词⑨表语从句等表示。例如：She is very beautiful.（形容词作表语） 画出句子的表语，并说明其构成方式： ①Our teacher of English is an American. ②Is it yours? ③The weather has turned cold. ④The speech is exciting. ⑤Three times seven is twenty one. ⑥His job is to teach English. ⑦His hobby is playing football. ⑧The machine must be under repair. ⑨The truth is that he has never been abroad. 正确运用主语的各种形式 4.宾语：宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介宾结构。可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①名词 ②代词 ③数