把语言的形式、意义及用法有机地结合起来新课标人教版.docVIP

把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来 —— 高考英语单项选择题中难句句式特点初探 为了达到“把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来”（《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》）这一目的，近年来的高考英语试题中出现了一些比较难以理解的句子。有些考生常常会因为这些难句而丢分。其个中原因除了考生本身所掌握的词汇不多外，最为重要的是考生不懂得这些难句的句子结构，无法分析句子的成分。试题所给的这些句子或信息量大，或结构较为复杂，给考生快速阅读和充分理解造成很大困难。 通过分析，笔者认为这些难以理解的句子有以下几个特点：附加成分较多；分隔现象普遍；采用省略结构；简单结构复杂化；特殊结构费揣摩。举例如下： 一、附加成分较多 1. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _________ some schools for poor children. （01上海春，36） A．set up B．setting up C．have set up D．having set up （划线选项为该题答案。下同。） 此题测试的基本语言点是：devote…to…, to 为介词，后面应接名词或动词的ing形式。由于all后有个省略了that的定语从句he had修饰，使得考生误以为是测试have to do sth.的用法，而误选A项。 2..It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars. (05 上海，35) A. had B. having C. to have D. have 此题考查考生对非谓语动词的掌握和运用能力。根据句意应用动词不定式充当目的状语。由于试题设计者在目的状语前面加上了地点(outside the gym)和时间(for three hours)两个状语来修饰谓语动词，从而就使得被测试者难以看出本题的真正的测试目的。 二、分隔现象普遍 所谓分隔现象是指原本属于一个意群的部分被其它成分插入而造成的分离现象。这种分隔现象包括：主谓分隔、定语分隔、同位语分隔、助动词与实意动词间的分隔等。 （一）主谓分隔 3. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. (04北京，28) A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 句子的主语是the teacher，而不是the teacher、6 girls及8 boys，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 4. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ___ in the clothing industry. (05辽宁，21) A．is working B．works C．work D．worked 句中的especially those from the countryside 是插入语，真正的主语是a number of women, 因此谓语动词用复数形式。 （二）定语分隔 5. The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (NMET01, 22.) A. until B. that C. when D. where 此题的主干是：The film brought the hours______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village。______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village 是定语从句，the hours 是先行词，表示时间，故空白处填when。back to me 插入其中，影响理解。 6. He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner o