【伦理学】没有根基的道德：捍卫道德情境主义.doc

Morality without Foundations A Defense of Ethical Contextualism Mark Timmons New York Oxford Oxford University Press 1999 -iii- Oxford University Press Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris S?o Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright ? 1999 by Mark Timmons Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Timmons, Mark, 1951Morality without foundations: a defense of ethical contextualism /Mark Timmons. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-511731-X (cloth) 1. Ethics. 2. Naturalism. 1. Title. BJ37.T55 1998 17042-- dc21 97-26312 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper -iv- Preface My main purpose in writing this book was to gain a better understanding of philosophical issues and questions about the status of morality. I am as much interested in questions of philosophical methodology as I am in the substantive philosophical positions that philosophers articulate and defend. I have thus tried to produce a book that is clearly written and methodologically self-conscious. I have also tried to stake out a metaethical position that is not obviously on the menu of standard metaethical options (though its similarity in many respects to the views of certain other metaethical irrealists will be apparent). Since I wanted the book to be relatively short, I have zeroed in on oppo