A review of creep analysis and design under multi-axial stress states.pdf

Af u i t d c ? 1 i a c e h o o m s m p m n f B c d o 0 dNuclear Engineering and Design 237 (2007) 1969–1986 A review of creep analysis and design under multi-axial stress states Hua-Tang Yao, Fu-Zhen Xuan ?, Zhengdong Wang, Shan-Tung Tu School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130, Meilong Street, PO Box 402, Shanghai 200237, PR China Received 18 August 2006; received in revised form 10 February 2007; accepted 12 February 2007 bstract The existence of multi-axial states of stress cannot be avoided in elevated temperature components. It is essential to understand the associated ailure mechanisms and to predict the lifetime in practice. Although metal creep has been studied for about 100 years, many problems are still nsolved, in particular for those involving multi-axial stresses. In this work, a state-of-the-art review of creep analysis and engineering design s carried out, with particular emphasis on the effect of multi-axial stresses. The existing theories and creep design approaches are grouped into hree categories, i.e., the classical plastic theory (CPT) based approach, the cavity growth mechanism (CGM) based approach and the continuum amage mechanics (CDM) based approach. Following above arrangements, the constitutive equations and design criteria are addressed. In the end, hallenges on the precise description of the multi-axial creep behavior and then improving the strength criteria in engineering design are presented. t 0 m c 1 a o b n ( b T r 1 E A 1 f2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. . Introduction With the increasing demand for reduced CO2 emissions and mprovement of efficiency in energy conversion, higher oper- ting temperature and design stresses have been adopted in hemical and petrochemical plants, power generation systems, tc. The main concern for the strength design of components as thus moved to the viscoplastic performance of materials in rder to prevent creep failure. On the other hand, th