AMS Belt Air Panel-Sensors-CDLitton_NIOSH.pdf

MINE FIRE DETECTION AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE and OVERVIEW OF MINE FIRE SENSOR RESEARCH 1969-2007 By Dave Litton OVERVIEW What has been done? Why have we done what we have done? What has worked and what has not? Successes Failures Simple Sensors Where are we headed? BASIC PREMISE FOR SUCCESSFUL FIRE DETECTION PREVENT THIS!!!! TIME HAZARD DETECTION ALARM CRITICAL HAZARD LEVEL CRITICAL TIME RESEARCH 1969-2007 Sensors/Systems Fires Fires and Ventilation Modeling SENSORS/SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS OF SENSORS/SYSTEMS Sensitive Rapid Reliable Simple SENSORS/SYSTEMS RESEARCH 1969-2007 Heat (Temperature) Sensors Optical Flame Sensors Gas Sensors Pneumatic Sensor Systems Smoke Sensors Multi-Sensor Arrays CHRONOLOGY OF SENSORS/SYSTEMS RESEARCH 1969--Point Type Heat Sensors 1973-77--Electrochemical CO Sensors 1976-79--SMPD Smoke Sensor 1976-83--Tube Bundle Detection Systems 1981-90--DDD Pyrolysis Sensor 1985-93--DDD CO/NO Sensor 1993-99--Optical Smoke Sensor 1997-2007--Optical/Ionization Sensor 1998-2004--Neural Network Multi-Sensor System SOME PICTURES CO SENSORS SCHEMATIC OF SMPD CO/NO DISCRIMINATOR SIMPLE ANGULAR SCATTERING SENSOR Measures Angular Intensity at 20° Relative Sensitivities at 5.0 mg/m3 Diesel Exhaust Particles—0.027 volts Smoke From Flaming Fires—0.33 volts Smoke From Smoldering Fires—0.72 volts DUAL ANGLE VERSION RED DIODE LASER @ λ = 635 nm SMOKE FLOW PHOTODIODE #1 PHOTODIODE #2 OPTICAL PROTOTYPE OPTICAL/IONIZATION SENSOR (OPTION) Combines Angular Scattering and Ionization Chamber Smoke Measurements Uses Ratio of Ionization Chamber Response to Angular Scattering Response to Discriminate Between Smoke from Fires and Particles from Diesels Diesel Particles: R = 17.0 Smoke from Flaming Fires: R = 1.0 Smoke from Smoldering Fires: R =0.15 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1 2 3 4 Aerosol Source R A T I O , V / V CEV/I15 CEV/I30 1-DPM 2-FCA 3-SCA 4-DUST SCHEMATIC OF PROTOTYPE SENSOR STATUS OF OPTION SENSOR Ten Prototypes Fabricated for Test and Evaluation Fire De