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Contrastive Phonetic and Phonological Analysis
Lecture 3 Contrastive
Phonetic Phonological
Analysis
HE Zhongqing
hezhongqing@ustb.edu.cn
1. Introduction
An English poem:
The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
The furrow followed free.
We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea.
S. T. Coleridge: The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner
翻译:
好风徐徐吹,浪花不绝飞;
行舟处处流浪痕。
俺们是古来第一遭冲开,
那片沉寂的穷溟。
2. Segmental phonemes
2.1 General picture
English:
45 phonemes (12 pure vowels, 9 diphthongs,
24 consonants)
Vowels (21):
Pure vowels (12): i:, i, e, ?, a:, ?, ?:, ?:, u:, ?, ?,
u
Diphthongs (9): ei, ai, ?i, ?u, au, i?, ε?, u?, ??
Consonants(24): p, t, k, f, θ, s, ?, h, t?, ts, tr, b, d,
g, v, e, z, ?, r, d?, dz, dr
Chinese:
Vowels (36):
Pure vowels (8): a, o, e, i, u, ü, ?, ?
Compound vowels (复韵母13): ai, ei, ao, ou, ia, ie,
ua, uo, üe, iao, iou, uai, uei
Nasal vowels (鼻音韵母15):an, en, in, ün, ian,
uan, uen, üan, ang, eng, ing, ong, iang, uang,
iong
Consonants (22): b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, j, q,
x, zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s
Tones (4) high and level tone(阴平), rising tone
(阳平),falling-rising tone(上声),and falling
tone(去声)
2.2 Comparison of pure vowels
English and Chinese pure vowels differ in the following
aspects:
1. Number
English (12): i:, i, e, ?, a:, ?, ?:, ?:, u:, ?, ?, u
Chinese (8): a, o, e, i, u, ü, ?, ?
2. Long short vowels
English has such a distinction, but not in Chinese
3. Unique vowels
English pure vowels such as /i/, /e/, /? /, /?/ are absent in
Chinese while Chinese pure vowel such as (ü), (?) cannot be
found in English.
English and Chinese pure vowels in quadrilateral (Xiong Bin
2012: 17):
5. Rounded vowels: no
rounded vowels in
English front vowels,
while back vowels are
all rounded vowels.
4. Balance in the
distribution of vowels in
English in terms of
position and height of
tongue.
2.3
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