Creep_0607蠕变.pdf

? Dislocation mechanism Dislocations climb at obstacles. e g Precipitatesdislocation . . Solute atoms blocking slip Models of climb are complicated Basic equation is ; . lDkTMGG ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? 5.05.1 5.12.5 22 22 8 σ3sinh 22 σ3ε b b ? ? M = number of dislocation sources /cm3 At low ? this becomes , 5.4 5.025.3 5.15.42 σ 216 σ33ε ? ? ? ? ? ???? GkT GDA kTMG D ll b b b? ? where A’ ? 106 p = 0, no dependence on grain size, d. n = 4 5 is typical for many metals (e g Al) . . . D = Dl Solid solution alloys: Solute atoms form around dislocations . Glide is often slower than climb and is rate controlling. Glide mechanism gives ? ? 3 2 σ 6e ~1ε ? ? ? ? ? ??? GGC DkT 5b ?? ? ? = Poisson’s ratio e = Solute solvent size difference = misfit parameter C = concentration of solute atoms = inter-diffusion for solute atoms D~ Material Poissons ratio Rubber 0 48 ~0 5 Let ? = 0.34, 32 σ~35.0ε ?????? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? GDkT b ? Lead Copper Aluminum . - . 0.44 0.37 0 35 2e ?????? GkTGC b 3 p = 0, n = 3, D = , thus Q = QsoluteD ~ Copper Polystyrene Brass . 0.34 0.34 0.33 In pure metals; Climb is always controlling creep. I ll Cli b lid t l Ice Stainless Steel Steel 0.33 0.30 0.29 n a oys; m or g e may con ro . Glide climb occur sequentially. ?Transition with increasing ? from climb to glide. Glide cannot occur to higher ? climb . εlog ? glide 5 Dislocations break away from their solute atmosphere at higher ?. n = 1 3 ? climb can occur at higher ? before PLB. 5 G σ log 2321 t ~1σ ? ? ? ? ?? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? bGDkT? Transition from climb to glide;diffusion Breaking transition for simple alloy; e ?? ????????? b 3 DCGG l kTG CW G 2b5 σ 2Mt ? WM: binding energy between solute dislocation Note: C?σ ? ? ? with C?t t High C: gives long region with n = 3. Low C: gives short region with n = 3 . Grain size effect Grain size