Estimating disease resistance in insects phenoloxidase and lysozyme-like activity and disease.pdf

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Estimating disease resistance in insects phenoloxidase and lysozyme-like activity and disease.pdf

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Estimating disease resistance in insects phenoloxidase and lysozyme-like activity and disease

Tel.: +1-902-494-8853; fax: +1-902-494-6 E-mail address: sadamo@dal.ca (S.A. Ad 0022-1910/$ - see front matter # 2003 Elsev doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2003.11.011585. amo). ier Ltd. All rights reserved.Journal of Insect Physiology 50 (2004) 209–216 /locate/jinsphysEstimating disease resistance in insects: phenoloxidase and lysozyme-like activity and disease resistance in the cricket Gryllus texensis Shelley A. Adamo Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1 Received 8 September 2003; received in revised form 25 November 2003; accepted 26 November 2003Abstract An animal’s ability to resist disease is usually estimated by measuring one or more components of the immune system. There is an assumption that these assays of immunity measure an animal’s ability to mount an effective immune response. This paper tests this assumption by examining the relationship between two common estimates of insect immunocompetence, phenoloxidase and lyso- zyme-like enzyme activity, and resistance to three common insect bacterial pathogens: Serratia marcescens, Serratia liquefaciens, and Bacillus cereus. There was a correlation (Spearman’s rs ? 0:33, p 0:001, n? 190 pairs) between total phenoloxidase and baseline lysozyme-like activity within individuals. However, total phenoloxidase and baseline lysozyme-like activity levels did not predict which male crickets would survive any of the three bacterial challenges. Lysozyme-like activity increased after an immune challenge (Friedman, 33.72, p 0:001), and the greater the increase, the greater the chance that the cricket would survive S. marcescens (slope ? 0:15, v2? 8:2, p? 0:005) or B. cereus (slope ? 0:8, v2? 6:4, p? 0:01). The crickets with a greater total hemolymph protein concentration were also more likely to survive a challenge with any of the three bacterial pathogens than the crickets with lower total hemolymph protein concentrations (S. liquefaciens: slope ? 0:02, v2? 9:2, p? 0:0