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Measurement of natural radioactivity in sand.pdf

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Measurement of natural radioactivity in sand

Introduction Exposure to ionizing radiation is generally undesirable at all levels by the public, although no harmful effects are presently proven for very low exposure (UNSCEAR 1993). Studies on the background to natural radiation are of great importance because it is the main source of exposure for humankind. The natural radionuclides produce environmental dose levels that are the most significant component of the total environmental dose received by man. Sediment sand of the river was formed through weathering and erosion of rock and soil. Natural radioactivity in soil, sand and rock comes from 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. The study of the distribution of pri- mordial radionuclides allows the understanding of the radiological implication of these elements due to the c- ray exposure of the body and irradiation of lung tissue from inhalation of radon and its daughters (Alam et al. 1999; Singh et al. 2005; Veiga et al. 2006). In particular, it is important to assess the radiation hazards arising due to the use of soil or sand in the construction of dwellings (Khatibeh et al. 1997; Kumar et al. 2003). Therefore, the assessment of c-radiation dose from natural sources is of particular importance as natural radiation is the largest contributor to the external dose of the world population (UNSCEAR 2000). These dose rates vary depending upon the concentration of the natural radionuc- lides—226Ra, 232Th and 40K—present in soil, sand, and rock, which in turn depend upon the local geology of Lu Xinwei Zhang Xiaolan Measurement of natural radioactivity in sand samples collected from the Baoji Weihe Sands Park, China Received: 17 February 2006 Accepted: 14 March 2006 Published online: 8 April 2006 Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract The activity concentrations and the gamma-absorbed dose rates of the primordial naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined for sand samples collected from the Baoji Weihe Sands Park, China, using c-ray spectrometry. The natural ra