美国文学复习小结.docVIP

PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学 Part Ⅱ The Literature of Reason And Revolution理性和革命时期文学 Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 殖民地时期作家。独立战争前惟一的杰出的美国作家in the colonial period, the only good American author before the Revolutionary War. 出生于波士顿Boston,曾创办《半岛公报》。1732-1758出版《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 建立一秘密俱乐部the Junto, informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideals.建立可借图书馆，创办宾夕法尼亚大学。商业上成功，科学上贡献卓越，政治上的贡献也不可磨灭successful in business, renowned in science also served his nation brilliantly.协助杰弗逊起草“独立宣言”aided Jefferson in writing “The Declaration of Independence”.同法国谈判获得援助，后作为议会代表起草美国宪法Constitution. 其还是美国第一位主要作家the first major writer非凡表达能力，简洁明了，有点幽默，还是一位讽刺天才as an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor. He was also sarcastic辛辣的. 他最好作品收录在《自传》“Autobiography”。编辑了美国第一份殖民地杂志“General Magazine” “对这个年青的国家来说，他的损失比其它任何人的都要大“his shadow lies heavier than any other man’s on this young nation. 教材作品《自传》”The Autobiography” Philip Freneau 菲利浦·弗瑞诺（1752-1832） 革命战争后期最杰出作家perhaps the most outstanding writer of the Post-Revolutionary period 既是一位诗人也是政治方面的新闻记者double role as poet and political journalist.作品形式是新古典主义类，但本质上却属浪漫主义类he was neoclassical by training and taste yet romantic in essential spirit。一个讽刺小说家、伤感作家、一个人道主义者was also at once a satirist and a sentimentalist, a humanitarian. “美国革命诗人”（the poet of the Revolution）;“美国诗歌之父”（Father of American Poetry）. 1770年第1部作品《想象的力量》（The Power of Fancy）.1775年因出版有关讽刺英国人作品而被认可as a satirist of the British. 1776年出版《夜屋》（The House of Night）哥特式小说the Gothic mood. F·L·帕蒂称它为“在美国听到的第一部真正浪漫主义作品，从中看到了“圣诞老人的美”“the first distinctly romantic note heard in America” and “The Beauties of Santa Cruz”。作品中既有对社会的抗议，又有对自然的赞美，其后期作品采用了这种风格blending the praise of nature with social protest, in his characteristic later manner. 1781写下名诗《英国囚船》(The British Prison Ship)一首抨击色彩诗作，揭露了英国对俘虏的血腥与残忍a good piece of invective, reveals the rigors and brutality of his captivity。此后继续对英国进行无情抨击、辛辣地讽刺contin