语法专题-行者虚拟语气.docVIP

语法专题：虚拟语气 概述 语气(mood)是英文中谓语动词的一种变化形式，用来表示说话者的意图和态度。英文中的语气可分为三种：陈述语气indicative mood)、祈使语气imperative mood)和虚拟语气subjunctive mood)。 虚拟语气使用的场合：当说话者谈到自己与实际情况相反的情况时 当说话者当说话者建议、要求某事发生时。虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中，在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设。.和相反的假设 If从句 主句 主语+动词过去式(be动词用were)主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形If I were you, I would study hard. If he had enough money, he would buy a computer. 2.和相反的假设 If从句 主句 主语+had done+其它 主语+had been done+其它（被动） 主语+would/should/could/might +have done 主语+would/should/could/might +have been done(被动) If you had come five minutes earlier, you would have met him.If they had been treated in time, they would not have died. 3.和相反的假设 If从句 主句 主语+were to do+其它 主语+动词过去式+其它 主语+should+动词原形+其它 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形 If I were to do it, I would do it in another day.If it rained tomorrow, we wouldn’t be able to go on picnic. 混合条件句 混合条件句是指①如果从句中有were、had或者should时，则可以省略if，并将were、had或者should提前至句首，构成部分倒装，但如果是否定句，则否定词not不提前。 Were I to be young again, I would study medicine.=If I were to be young again, I would study medicine. Had you not left so early, you might have missed the train. =If you had not left so early, you might have missed the train. ②用短语代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有with, without, but for.Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. =But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. =Had it not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. ③在句中出现了表示转折的连词，如or, or else, otherwise等，如果句意和事实不符也要用虚拟语气。 You did what you were asked to otherwise you would have been punished. ④如果句子中有短语for fear that, lest, in case时，要用should+动词原形来表示虚拟，should可以省略。 He is working hard for fear that he fail.⑤如果句子前半部分是虚拟，句中出现了but，后面句子则不用虚拟语气。 I would have come earlier, but I didn’t know that you were waiting for me. The house would have been burnt down but the firefighters arrived in time..虚拟语气用在中