非谓语动词的用法--.docxVIP

初中英语非谓语动词的用法一、非谓语动词的种类非谓语动词，顾名思义，即不能作句子的谓语用的动词，也称动词的非限定形式。主要分为动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词和动名词四种，非谓语动词也有动词的特征，可有自己的状语和宾语。二、动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有加“to”和省to两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语，宾语补足语、状语等成份。1、动词不定式作主语。To complain too much isn’t a good thing.注：（1）不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语用单数形式，还可用it作形式主语而把不定式放于句末，保持句子平衡。如It takes me two hours to finish my English homework.It’s difficult to Learn English Well.(2)不定式作主语有两种特殊结构，一般认为是由for 或of引导其逻辑主语，如It’s important for us learn a foreign language.e.It’s clever /foolish/polite/careful/careless of you to do that.2、动词不定式作表语。My job is to feed animals.3、动词不定式作宾语I hope to see my pen friend as soon as possible.I found it difficult to get on with him.(it为形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式)注：不定式有时与疑问句where, how, what, which, when, who 等连用，作动词的宾语。如： What to doI don’t know How to do it Where to goHe gave a talk on how to study English Well.4、不定式作定语Would you like something to drink /to read/to eat?I have something important to tell you.5、不定式作宾语补足语。分省“to”和加“to”两种。Ｗe didn’t expect him to be the winner.(加to)I often saw him go to the cinema last year.(省to)Please let the boy come in.（省to）注：感观动词（see, watch, notice, hear, feel）和使役动词（have, let , make）后用省to不定式作宾补，但改成被动语态时，不定式前加to，宾语补语相应变成主语补语。如；The workers are made to work ten hours a day.6、作状语They went to the shop to buy some school things.(目的状语)My sister to young to go to school.（结果状语）三、现在分词（The Present Participle）和过去分词（The Past Participle）现在分词由动词加“ing”构成（构成方式略）表示主动或正在进行；过去分词由规则动词加“ed”或查不规则动词表，一般表示被动或动作已完成。分词主要起形容词和副词作用，可在句中作表语定语，状语、宾补等成份。1、作表语 The news is exciting. The window is broken.2、作定语Do you know the young man standing under the tree?The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt.I like to read books written by LuXun.She asked Grandma to put a bookmark in each of the borrowed books.Then we can see many dinosaurs discovered by you in the museums.3、作状语They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas”（伴随）4、作宾补I hear a girl singing in the next room.I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.We had our pictures taken in the mid