presuppositionandtranslation预设与翻译解答.pptVIP

Presupposition and Translation Author:Peter Fawcett 1 presupposition 2 Triggers of presupposition 3 Several semantic features of presupposition 4Semantic presupposition and Pragmatic presupposition 5 Translation methods of presupposition 6 Conclusion 1 Presupposition Presupposition, of the background assumptions made in the process of communication, can be a highly technical subject, involving subtle logical distinctions. 预设, 即交际过程中有关背景的假设, 是一个复杂的研究主题, 需要从逻辑角度对其进行细致分析。 2 Triggers of presupposition Verbs of change of state Iteratives Temporal clauses Definite descriptions (expressions which refer to entities supposed to exist in the real world) 3 Several semantic features of presupposition 1 They remain constant under negation. (Kiparsky Kiparsky,1971:351) e.g. She loves her job. She does not love her job. 》 She has a job. 2 They are defeasible which means that they can be cancelled out by either the immediate linguistic context or by some wider context or mode of discourse. e.g. The committee failed to reach a decision. （have presuppositions) adding because they didnt even get round to discussing it then there is no presupposition. 3 They are tied to particular aspects of the surface structue of an utterance ( Levison, 1983:186). e.g. John seduced Mary.（焦点在主语） John seduced Mary. （焦点在谓语） John seduced Mary. （焦点在宾语） 4 Semantic Presupposition In a semantic analysis we would expect to be able to describe the phenomena involved as constant, context-independent meanings which can be judged to be either true or false, which can be assessed without reference to anything other than the semantic features of the linguistic items which give rise to presupposition, and which would not, in particular, require us to resort to notions of variability of use in context. ?e.g. Charlie didnt fail his driving test. Context can cancel presuppositions. eg.Charlie didnt fail his driving test becau