高考英语语法-句子成分.docxVIP

句子成分I句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有表语，宾语，定语，状语，补足语和同位语。II主语2.1主语的定义主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。主语一般位于句首，但在there be结构，疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主句位于谓语，助动词或情态动词后面。2.2主语的表现形式主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。名词During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 20世纪90年代，美国乡村音乐越来越流行。Professor Zhang is a famous scientist. 张教授是著名的科学家。代词We often speak English in class. 我们经常在课堂上讲英语。Who is the man standing over there? 站在那里的那个人是谁？数词One-third of the students in this class are girls. 这个班1/3的学生是女生。Two times five is ten. 2乘以5等于10.不定式To swim in the Lijiang River is a great pleasure. 在漓江里游泳是非常愉快的事。To master a foreign language is necessary. 掌握一门外语是必要的。动名词Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。Playing football in the street is dangerous. 在街上踢足球是危险的。名词化的形容词The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。In new China the old are living a happy life.在新中国，老年人正过着幸福的生活。从句When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet. 我们什么时候举行英语测验还没有决定。Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance. 他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。It 作形式主语It is necessary to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语是有必要的。It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危险的。III谓语 3.1 谓语的定义谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 3.2 谓语的构成 1. 简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 Yesterday afternoon he reached Guilin. 昨天下午他到达桂林。She takes good care of her sick mother. 她仔细照料她那生病的母亲。 2. 复合谓语①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。You may keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借两周。 You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading-room. 你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室。He has caught a bad cold. He has to go to see a doctor. 他患了重感冒，他必须去看医生。She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 她似乎不喜欢跳舞。We are going to call on him tonight. 我们打算今晚去拜访他。②由系动词加表语构成。We are students. 我们是学生。He looked a bit excited. 他看上去有点激动。IV表语 4.1 表语的定义表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。 4.2 表语的表现形式 1. 名词Our teacher of Eng