Lesson_3-ComponentsofABuilding选编.ppt

Lesson 3 Components of A Building ;New words and phrases ;New words and phrases:; Materials and structural forms are combined to make up the various parts of a building, including the load carrying frame, skin, floors, and partitions. The building also has mechanical and electrical systems, such as elevators, heating and cooling systems, and lighting systems. The superstructure is that part of a building above ground, and the substructure and foundation, is that part of a building below ground. super- 表示“在...上的，超的” 。superabundant 过多的, 有余的 sub- 表示“在...下的，次的” 。subcontractor 承包商，分包者 ; The skyscraper, owes its existence to two developments of the 19th century：steel skeleton construction and the passenger elevator. Steel as a construction material dates from the introduction of the Bessemer converter in 1855. Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) introduce steel construction in France. His designs for the Galerie des Machines and the Tower for the Paris Exposition of 1889 expressed the lightness of the steel framework. ;The Eiffel Tower, 984 feet (300 meters) high, was the tallest structure built by man and was not surpassed until 40 years later by a series of American skyscrapers. The first elevator was installed by Elisha Otis in a department store in New York, in 1857. In 1889, Eiffel installed the first elevators on a grand scale in the Eiffel Tower, whose hydraulic elevators could transport 2,350 passengers to the summit every hour. on a grand scale = on a large scale 大规模的 ; Until the late 19th century, the exterior walls of a building were used as bearing walls to support the floors. This construction is essentially a post and lintel type, and it is still used in frame construction for houses. Bearing-wall construction limited the height of buildings because of the enormous wall thickness required; for instance, the 16-story Monadnock Building built in the 1880s in Chicago had walls 5 feet (1.5 meter