5.被动语态 teachers.docVIP

PAGE 6 PAGE 6 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。 被动语态的构成 被动语态由‘be+及物动词的过去分词’构成。be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。各种时态的被动语态的构成形式如下： 一般式进行式完成式现在am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehas/ have been done过去was/ were donewas /were being donehad been done将来done shall/ will be am/is/are going to be will have been done 谓语含有情态动词的被动语态基本结构为：情态动词 + be done。 二、被动语态的各种句式 1. 肯定句式：主语 + be +done ( + by…). 2. 否定句式：主语 +be + not + done (+ by…). 3. 一般疑问句式：Be + 主语 + done ( +by…)? 4. 特殊疑问句式： a. 特殊疑问词（不做主语）+ be + 主语 + done ( + by…)? What is this kind of sweater made of? b. 特殊疑问词（做主语）be + done ( + by…)? Who was asked to make a report in the meeting? 谓语含有情态动词的否定句式是在情态动词后加not, 疑问句式直接将情态动词提到主语之前。 三、被动语态的用法 1. 强调动作的承受者 Most big football clubs are run as businesses. 2. 描述一个过程 Individual football players are promoted like film or pop stars. They are then ‘sold’ to clubs for millions of dollars. 3. 说明一个规则 Ball games are not allowed here. 四、主动语态与被动语态的转换 1. S + V + O句型变被动语态 Satelltites send the information for weather forecasts. The information for weather forecasts is sent by satellites. In the beginning, people changed the rules many times. In the beginning, the rules were changed many times. 2. S + V + IO + DO ⑴ 有些双宾语动词，如give, offer, send, show, pay, buy, get等，变为被动语态时既可以将直接宾语也可以将间接宾语做主语，用直宾做主语时，通常在间接宾语前加to或者for。 The government offered ?20,000 to anybody who could help Franklin. 直宾做主语： ?20,000 was offered to anybody who could help Franklin by the government. 间宾做主语： Anybody who could help Franklin was offered ?20,000 by the government. In 1975, the club paid him $4 million. 直宾做主语： In 1975, $4 million was paid to him. 间宾作主语： In 1975, he was paid $4 million. ⑵ 并非所有的双宾语动词都有两种转化方法，有些双宾动词，如bring, make, buy, pass, sell, send等，通常用直接宾语作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)： The distributors sell the film to video shops, television companies and cinemas. The film is sold to video shops, television companies and cinemas by the distribu