Pragmatics7Politenessandinteraction选编.ppt

Melodyjhx@126.com;Outline ;Background and Approaches to  politeness: a review;Background and Approaches to  politeness: a review;1)formality: don’t impose/remain aloof 不要强加于人；适用于交际双方权势和地位不均等的场合, 如学生和老师, 雇主和雇员之间; 2)hesitancy: give the addressee his options给对方留有余地和空间；适用于交际双方权力地位平等, 但社会关系不密切的场合, 如商人与顾客; 3) equality: act as though you and the addressee were equal/make him feel good 增进双方的友情；适用于好友, 恋人之间。 ;Brown Levinson: Face Theory;Positive face: the positive consistent self-image that people have and want to be appreciated and approved of by at least some other people. 积极面子