初中英语语法 现在完成时练习.doc

现在完成时练习?1.构成???现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。2.用法?????? （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：??????? -Have you had lunch yet????? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it.???????? 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）?????? （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。???\? 如：He has taught here since 1981?????????????????? 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）??????????????????? I havet seen her for four years.?????????????? ?????我有四年没见到她了。3．结构1）．? 陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。　have not=haven’t?? has not=hasn’t.2）．? 一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？3）．? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它？eg. He has already finished his homework.?? He hasn’t finished his homework yet.?? Has he finished his homework yet??? --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet.???????? （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。??????? 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。4.现在完成时的时间状语?????? （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。??????? a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。?????????????????????????? They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。????????? b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。? 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？???????????????? -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。??????????? c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.???????????????????????????????? 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。??????????????????????????????? He has been there three times the last few days.???????????????????????????????? 近几年他去过那里三次了。???????????? d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent.??????????????????????????????????? 今天你见过他吗？我 没有。?????????????????????????????????? How many ti