it、one、that的用法和区别.ppt

替代词it，that，one(s)，those用法区别; 【学习目标】 为了避免重复, it, that, one(s), those都可用来代替上文出现的名词，但它们的用法不同。现在来区别。;【知识概括】用法 1. it代替的是前面提到的同一名称的同一事物，即同名同物。所代替的名词可以是可数名词, 也可以是不可数名词。如： 　　The name whitewater comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly. （it代替不可数名词water) 　　And today, if you go to Salt Lake City, you can see a mountain with seagulls on top of it. (it代替可数名词mountain) Id like to look at that atlas. May I borrow it? (it代替可数名词atlas) ;;;;区别;II. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于a／an＋名词; that为特指, 相当于the ＋名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a／an ／some ／any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that。 A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （该句中one可以换成a chair） The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that可以换成 the water）;III. one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。 I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数名词单数pen） There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones代替可数名词复数people） Marys handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名词 handwriting） These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数 pictures）;IV. one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。 The one ／That on the table is mine. （该句中The one代替事物, 并且也可以用That） He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. （该句中the one代替人, 不能用that） He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones ／those that had the best color. （该句中the ones代替事物, 并且也可以用those）;V. one一般有前置修饰语, 有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that不能有前置修饰语, 但可有后置修饰语。 Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors. The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.;VI. it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that均无此用法。 It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month. I found it hard to get on with her. VII. it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容, 而one ／ones则不可以。 He has saved my life; Ill never forget it. （it代替第一分句） Tom is painting his house. I am told he do