丙烯醇的合成研究_毕设论文.docVIP

 PAGE II 编号 本科生毕业论文 题目： 丙烯醇的合成研究 化学与材料工程 学院 化学工程与工艺 专业 摘要 摘 要 近年来，随着化石燃料的不断减少及人们环保意识的不断加强，生物柴油作为一种可再生替代燃料已经引起了人们的广泛关注．生物柴油的生产过程中会产生大量的副产物甘油，充分开发利用甘油不仅可以减少浪费，促进生物柴油产业的发展，还可以获得一系列有价值的产品，如丙烯醇．丙烯醇是一种重要的农业化学品、医药和香料单体，具有广泛的应用价值．传统的丙烯醇生产主要依赖于石油化工原料丙烯，成本较高．因而用甘油制取丙烯醇极具商业价值和环保意义． 本研究以甘油、甲酸为原料，在氮气保护、加热的条件下合成丙烯醇．使用碘量法对粗产品中丙烯醇含量进行测定，分析在改变甘油、甲酸、水的摩尔比和反应时间长短对产率的影响．计算甲酸转化率和残夜皂化值，对产率变化原因进行分析并优化反应条件获得较高产率．在甘油、甲酸、水的摩尔比为1:1.3:1时，温度45min升至165℃，快速升温至230℃，在不超过250℃的条件下反应，以甘油记的产品收率为71.2%．使用氧化钙对对粗产品进行提纯，纯度99%左右． 关键词：甘油；甲酸；丙烯醇；生物柴油 Abstract ABSTRACT Nowadays with fossil fuels declining and the continued strengthening of the awareness of environmental protection, bio-diesel as a renewable alternative fuels has caused widespread interests. Large amounts of glycerol will be produced as a by-product in the biodiesel production process. To develop and use glycerol fully can reduce waste, promote the development of the biodiesel industry and get a range of valuable products, such as allyl alcohol. Allyl alcohol is an important agricultural chemical, pharmaceutical and spices monomer, which has a wide range of application value. Allyl alcohol production mainly depends on the petrochemical feedstock--propylene and its costs are high. Thus it’s of great commercial value and environmental significance to convert glycerol to ally alcohol. In this study, glycerol and formic acid as raw materials is used under the conditions of heating, protection of nitrogen to synthesize allyl alcohol. I used the iodometric method to determinate the content of of ally alcohol in the crude product, whitch helps to analyse the influence of changing molar ratio of glycerol, formic acid, water and the length of reaction time on the yield. The conversion of formic acid and raffinate saponification value is calculated to look for the reasons for the changes on the yield and optimize reaction conditions to obtain a higher yield. When the reaction is carried under the conditions of molar ratio of glycer