007《经济学家》读译参考之7：博斯普.docVIP

《经济学家》读译参考 Translated Edited by Chen Jilong PAGE  Page  PAGE 12 of  NUMPAGES 12 TEXT 7 Bridge across the Bosporus Feb 23rd 2006 From The Economist print edition MORE than 80 years after being ★supplanted[1] by the Turkish republic, the Ottoman empire will not die. Bloodshed in the Balkans; Arab and Kurdish nationalism across the Middle East; ★Turcophobia[2] in Armenia; （1）all are echoes of a dynasty that survived for 600 years▲ and whose dominions e____ ① ____ from the Danube through the Levant to Algiers. Few historians have dared compress the story of this extraordinary enterprise into a single volume. “Osmans Dream” shows why. Osman led one of several Turcoman tribes, of Central Asian descent, that were competing for control of Anatolia at the beginning of the 14th century. (The dream in question was interpreted to mean that Osman would found an imperial house; （2）“Ottoman” is the European corruption of his name▲). By the mid-16th century, Osmans descendants had killed off the Byzantine Empire and t____ ② ____ its capital, Constantinople (renamed Istanbul), into the worlds greatest mosque city. They also had control of the Muslim holy places, Mecca and Medina, in Arabia. The empires expansion was driven in part by Islamic notions of a just war against the ★infidel[3], but the Ottomans were also notable for their relative tolerance. Jews fleeing the ★Spanish inquisition[4] were welcomed to Istanbul. Christian converts became key figures in the bureaucracy, armed forces and the ★harem[5]. Even at the empires peak, however, the tide of history was turning in Europes f__ ③ .___ Challenged by the Europeans intellectual and military ★prowess[6], hampered by the fiscal ineptitude of its leaders, and powerless to suppress the petty nationalisms that infected its Balkan possessions, （3）the empire began to unravel—at times abruptly, at others imperceptibly. ▲ With her doctorate in the ★fiendishly[7] complex discipline of Ottoman studies