to_do不定式范本.ppt

不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。;结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do ;(1).They pretended not to see us.;动词不定式的句法功能;三. 用法/ 功能;(3) 宾语;(4). 宾补;I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.;I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.;;一、-ing形式与不定式的区别;二、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。; 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. ;1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：;2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有：;不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。;四、不带to的不定式作宾补;如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时动词(let, have无被动语态)后原来不带to的不定式要加to。 如: He was seen to go upstairs. He was made to do his work .; 五、介词except/ but 之后接不定式时，如果介词前有实意动词do的各种形式则except/ but 后接不带to 的不定式；反之，如果except/ but前没有实意动词do，则不定式带to 。 Tom has no choice but to do the homework. Tom does nothing but sleep every day.;六、 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 He is looking for a room to live in. Please give me a pen to write with.;七、 something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。;To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.;九、 不定式的省略;1.It’s our duty ________ the room every day. A to clean B cleaned C clean D . Cleans 2.It’s hard for us _______ English well. A. learn B. learns C.to learn D. learning 3.He wants _________ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C.to buy D. buys ;