材料科学与工程专业英语复习重点.docx

单词： corrosion腐蚀 ductile 延展 ball bearing 滚珠轴承 malleable 可锻的 smelt 熔炼,精炼 intricate 复杂的,精巧的 combination结合,化合物 ferrous alloys铁合金 majority多数 impurities杂质 cementite渗碳体 gloss光泽 oxygen氧气 oxides氧化物 pigment 颜料 varnish清漆 porosity气孔,气泡 toxicity毒性 embalming木乃伊 pig iron生铁 cast iron铸铁 slip systems滑移性 structural members结构件 wear resistance耐磨性 higher strength 高能量 structural load载荷 ,负荷 power transmission能量传递装置 corrosion resistance抗腐蚀性 non-ferrous metals有色金属 an immense family of engineering materials工程材料的大家庭 mineral processing equipment选矿设备 complete solid solubility完全固溶体 翻译题： 1.More than 90% by weight of the metallic materials used by human beings are ferrous alloys. 人类所使用的重量超过90%的金属材料是黑色合金。 2. As a practical matter, these alloys fall into two broad categories based on the carbon in the alloy composition. 作为一个实际问题,这些合金分为两大类基于碳的合金成分。 3. Steel generally contains between 0.05w and 2.0 w carbon. The cast irons generally contain between 2.0w and 4.5 w carbon. 钢铁一般包含0.05 w和2.0 w碳。铸铁一般包含2.0 w和4.5 w碳。 4. Within the steel category, we shall distinguish whether or not a significant amount of alloying elements other than carbon is used. 对于钢的区分，我们要弄清楚的是是否含有有效量的合金元素而不是碳的含量。 5. A composition of 5w total noncarbon additions will serve as an arbitrary boundary between low alloy and high alloy steels. 总非碳添加0.05%的组合将作为任意一个边界之间的低合金和高合金钢。 6. These alloy additions are chosen carefully because they invariably bring with them sharply increased material costs. 这些合金元素的加入会使材料成本急剧增加，因此要慎重选择。 7. Modern industry needs considerable quantities of this metal, either in the form of iron or in the form of steel. 现代工业需要相当数量的这种金属,无论是以钢的形式还是铁的形式。 8. Moreover, iron possesses magnetic properties, which have made the development of electrical power possible. 此外,铁具有磁性,这使电力的发展成为可能。 9. The process of smelting consists of heatin