译林牛津模块五非谓语动词语法教学绝好材料学生讲义版1.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 11 非谓语动词讲练（学生讲义） （一）非谓语动词的句法功能：充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分 成分类别主语宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式[(to)+ v]√√√√√√动名词?[Ｖ-ing]√√√√现在分词[Ｖ-ing] 过去分词[Ｖ-ed]√√√√什么叫状语：状语是句子的重要修饰成分。从情况，时间，处所，方式，条件，对象，肯定，否定，范围和程度等方面对对动词，形容词或整个句子进行修饰或限制。 什么叫宾补：就是对宾语的动作或状态进行补充说明。 （二）非谓语动词的分类，意义，构成： 非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to do to have done to be doing to have been doingto be done to have been done在非谓语前加not或never 特别注意： not having done; one’s not doing / one’s not having donefor sb. to do sth. of sb. to do sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语动名词doing having donebeing done having been donesb. / sb’s doing 作主语仅用sb’s doing具有名词的作用;在句中做主、宾、定和表语分词现在分词doing having donebeing done having been done具有副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done （三）非谓语动词的考点： Ⅰ、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 高考题点击： 1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing Ⅱ、非谓语动词作主语，注意以下两个重要问题： 第一 是并行结构问题 ，即主表一致性 如：Seeing is believing. 第二 需要注意一些结构： A) It’s no use (no good) doing sth. 如：It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow . B) 在 It’s + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型： It’s easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary…) + for sb. to do It’s kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的),mean(卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do Ⅲ、非谓语动词作表语 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 注意两个问题: 一是并行结构问题 To see is to believe 二是时间问题：一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。 My job is teaching. My drea