Chap-2-3英汉语言区别特征(简).pptVIP

Chap. 2.3;中英文语法上有哪些区别？;2.3.1 Synthetic vs. Analytic;2.3.1.1 Inflectional vs. Non-inflectional;1 He moved astonishingly fast. He moved with astonishingly rapidity. His movements were astonishingly rapid. His rapid movement astonished us. His movements astonished us by their rapidity. The rapidity of his movements was astonishing. The rapidity with which he moved was astonishing. He astonished us by moving rapidly. He astonished us by his rapid movements. He astonished us by the rapidity of his movements. (Jespersen 1924) 他行动迅速，令人吃惊。;2.3.1.2 word order: flexible vs. inflexible;inversion;2.3.1.3 use of function words:English and Chinese Make Use of Different Types of Function Words;Example: English articles;Chinese particles;2.3.1.4 intonation vs. tone(语调和声调);It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silence of bee and flowers and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.;2.3.2 rigid vs. supple;English sentence structure is composed of noun phrase and verb phrase. A sentence that does not contain a subject and a verb is felt to be incomplete. The subject must agree with the predicate verb in person and number, etc. This rigid S-V concord (主谓协调一致) forms the kernel of a sentence. Five basic English patterns: 1 S V (主谓) 2 S V P (主系表) 3 S V O (主谓宾) 4 S V o O (主谓＋间接宾语＋直接宾语) 5 S V O C (主谓宾＋宾补);Chinese, however, is relatively free from the government of S-V concord and formal markers. The subject-predicate structure is usually varied, flexible and thus complicated and supple. 例：subject: 1 文章翻译完了。（受事主语） 2 全市到处在兴建新工厂。（地点主语） 3 累得我站不起来了。（无主句） Predicate: 1 天高云淡。（形容词做谓语） 2 她出国留学去了。（连动式谓语） 3 我介绍他加入协会。（兼语式谓语） 4 这项合同经理要签名。（主谓词组做谓语）;Various English Cohesive ties;2.3.3 hypotactic vs. paratactic(形合与意合);Parataxis in Chinese;2.3.4 complex vs. simplex(繁复与简短);1 In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrella