情态动词讲解[修改版].pptVIP

情态动词;表示说话的语气或情态。 情态动词本身有词义，但不完全， 不能单独作谓语， 必须和动词一起构成谓语。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 大多数情态动词有过去式。;情态动词有哪些？;may be maybe;May not can not;Can be able to ;ought to的否定式;Must ;Must 的反意疑问句;Must have to;Must have to的否定;Must have to时态的区别;have to;might as well;be to的三种意义;Would rather ;Used to would; 1.表示已经发生的情况 (1) must have +过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“(昨 天)一定……”。如： My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?” ;(2) can’t/couldn’t have +过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“(昨天)一定没……”。 如： Mary couldn’ t have received my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now (3) may/might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。如： At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician. ; 2.表示虚拟语气 (1) needn’t have+过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，译为“其实没必要……”。如： As it turned out to be a small house party, we needn’t have dressed up so formally. 注意：did not need to do 动作并没发生 例：I didn’t need to get up early, so I got up until 9 a.m. (2) should /should not have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，或本不应该做但实际上做了, 译为“本(不)应该……”。如： I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully. ;(3) ought to have+过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”，与should的完成式含义类似。如： The porter ought to have called t he fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke. (4) could have+过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。如： What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully. (5)may/might have + 过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“(那样)也许会……”。如： It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers. ;Will have done表示将来完成时;3.几个情态动词常考的句型 (1)may/might (just) as well“不妨，最好”，与had better相近。如： Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train. (2)cannot/can’t…too… “越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个